based on information from your browser. Try again later. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. Gilmore also did work for an insulation company, and he soon formed a romantic relationship with 19-year-old Nicole Baker Barrett. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. Gilmores desire to die, as well as the timing of his execution, made his story irresistible to many Americans, especially at a time where public approval of capital punishment ran high. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Glen Gilmore, 32, died on April 22, 2017. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. Birth date: 28 March, 1931, Saturday. Gilmore was the subject of a fact-based novel, The Executioners Song (1979), for which Norman Mailer was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. | Tribune File Photo Gary Gilmore's chair immediately following his execution in Jan. 1977. Sherman reasoned that read more, On January 17, 1953, a prototype Chevrolet Corvette sports car makes its debut at General Motors (GM) Motorama auto show at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. Shortly thereafter Gilmore embarked on his murder spree. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. Throughout, it was dominated by the moves and counter moves of abolitionists, an eccentric elderly judge, prison authorities, and top law officials in Utah, watched by an American media of mind chilling dedication towards recording the most ghoulish details. There is a problem with your email/password. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Read more about Gary Gilmore, here in the TIME Vault: After Gilmore, Whos Next to Die? Continue reading. To use this feature, use a newer browser. Eugene Gilmore, age 80. The read more, B-52 bomber collides with a KC-135 jet tanker over Spains Mediterranean coast, dropping three 70-kiloton hydrogen bombs near the town of Palomares and one in the sea. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. We have set your language to based on information from your browser. He was also preceded in death by his brother Charles Byers and his daughter Krista. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. cemeteries found in Attala County, Mississippi, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? From celebrities, mobsters, politicians, to everyone in between. If you have questions, please contact sup[emailprotected]. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. Gary E. Gilmore, 46 years of age, of Greenfield, Indiana, departed this life on Sunday, April 12th, 1998 at the Community East Hospital.Gary was born in Somerset,Kentucky on December 21st, 1951, son of Clyde and the late Vina Jane Mercer Gilmore. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. Village of Hartland Cemetery. Gary Gilmore. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Sorry! Gary was born in Somerset,Kentucky on December 21st, 1951, son of Clyde and the late Vina Jane Mercer Gilmore. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. Gilmore had intelligence and artistic talent but turned to criminal behaviour at an early age. Oops, something didn't work. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Digital You have chosen this person to be their own family member. As a Utah man is executed in a hail of gunfire, Lawrence Schiller recalls his last talks with condemned man Gary Gilmore and what he witnessed as Gilmore chose to die by firing squad. During this time he went on a hunger strike and twice attempted suicide with pills. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Gary Gilmore (176908861)? Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Gary Gilmore's last words were, "Let's do it. For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:17. There was an error deleting this problem. All four of the loaded bullets hit their target. Gary Gilmore dropped out of school at age fourteen and was a career criminal. Thanks for your help! Failed to delete memorial. However, almost exactly the same plea had been overruled earlier by another judge. 65. Gilmore wanted a speedy trial and was sentenced to death after his conviction for capital murder. After all, a precedent that relies on an inmate who advocated for his own execution is one with few applications. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Learn more about merges. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. Aged. Weve updated the security on the site. Shot in the Heart (1994), a memoir of Gilmore and his family by his younger brother Mikal Gilmore, was also made into a television film (2001). Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Melvin Gilmore (248661532)? As they inspected the blood-stains an ambulance was rushing the corpse to hospital for the removal of various organs which the dead man had willed for transplant. Gilmore var dmd fr ett mord begnget 1976. On November 16, 1976, condemned murderer Gary Mark Gilmore attempted suicide in his death row cell at the Utah State Prison. Drag images here or select from your computer for John Arthur Spenkelink memorial. By the end of 1982, only five more criminalsthree of whom, like Gilmore, had voluntarily given up the appeal processhad been put to death. That morning Doug Tracht, a popular Jacksonville disc jockey, aired a recording of sizzling bacon and dedicated it to Spenkelink. In addition, the Florida Legislature passed a law (since rescinded) requiring autopsies for all executed convicts. Such stays are commonly granted in death cases. In 1964 Gilmore received a sentence of 15 years imprisonment for assault and armed robbery. There was an error deleting this problem. Gary Gilmore. Please try again later. His parents and seven other siblings are deceased. Egypt, AR. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? Try again later. Raportet 24-orshe t kontributit (Formulari 497) jan paraqitur pr t zbuluar kontributet kumulative nga nj burim i vetm q arrijn t paktn 1,000 dollar n 90 ditt para zgjedhjeve ose t paktn 5,000 dollar n do koh tjetr. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Even though some experts say firing squads are an effective method of carrying out capital sentences, the majority of Americans are put off by the idea. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). First person to be executed in the United States when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976 after a ten year hiatus. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. There was a problem getting your location. Born in 2 Feb 1948 and died in 23 May 1984 , Mississippi Gary Blue Gilmore He had been eligible for the death penalty only since July 2, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment nationally. Learn more about merges. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. Family members linked to this person will appear here. Thanks for your help! The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. In search of Barrett and painkilling drugs, Gilmore headed his pickup toward Baker's home in Pleasant Grove, north of Provo. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. As a prisoner in Oregon, Gilmore frequently made trouble for his jailers. Drag images here or select from your computer for Gary Blue Gilmore memorial. Family members linked to this person will appear here. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? Gilmore was tried only for Bushnells murder because that case was especially strong. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Includes Address (13) Phone (6) Email (6) See Results. Glen grew up in Ware, attended St. Mary's School, then Pathfinder Vocational, returning to Ware, a graduate of 2003. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. Double murderer Gary Gilmore finally fulfilled his death wish today in front of a firing squad after a nerve-racking night of waiting in which a judge flew 500 miles at . San Diego, San Diego County, California, USA. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. He was paroled in 1972 and ordered to live in a halfway house and study art at a community college, but he did not comply with the conditions. Jones claimed that Clinton, while governor of Arkansas, sexually harassed her and then defamed read more, On January 17, 1961, Dwight D. Eisenhower ends his presidential term by warning the nation about the increasing power of the military-industrial complex. There, in an old tannery known as the Slaughterhouse in the southwest corner of the Utah State Prison, sat Gary Mark Gilmore, 36, freshly shaven and wearing a black T shirt, crumpled white trousers and red, white and blue sneakers. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7073887/gary-gilmore. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. Magazines, Digital 13 Apr 1831. This account has been disabled. Learn more about managing a memorial . All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. It was not the first or last accident involving American nuclear bombs. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. Please enter your email and password to sign in. | Tribune File Photo The police officials are taking Gary Gilmore into custody December 16, 1976. This memorial website was created in memory of Barabee B Gilmore, 70, born on March 28, 1931 and passed away on February 10, 2002. There was an error deleting this problem. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. The decision made Gilmore the first person to be executed in the United States since the Supreme Court struck down the death penalty in 1972. Born in Cleveland County, NC, he was the son of Aubrey Gilmore and Ruth Malone Byers. Try again later. Previously, he had asked to not be hooded . based on information from your browser. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. First person to be executed in the United States when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976 after a ten year hiatus. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. Click image or button bellow to READ or DOWNLOAD FREE The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia (New Cultural Studies) . Drag images here or select from your computer for Gary E. Gilmore memorial. Sorry! To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Relatives of Gary E Gilmore Not currently available. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? Convicted murderer Gary Gilmore's final words before being put to death in Utah on January 17, 1977, by a volunteer firing squad: "Let's do it!" Then, after a black hood was placed over his head, he said, "Dominus vobiscum." ("The Lord be with you.") To which the Roman Catholic prison Chaplain, Reverend Thomas Meersman replied, "Et cum spiritu tuo. based on information from your browser. There is a problem with your email/password. Make sure that the file is a photo. It was a grotesque ending to a macabre event which veered between the outrageous; the bizarre, and at times a kind of ghastly slapstick. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. Death date. Sorry! Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). Resides in Bryan, TX. GREAT NEWS! Wootton earned his bachelor's degree from Brigham Young University in 1961 and a JD from the . Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Hubert G. Nolen, pastor of brooksville Road Community Church in New Palestine officiating.Burial followed in the Renfro Cemetery in Dahl, Kentucky.THIS IS A TRIBUTE IN MEMORY OF GARY,1 Thessalonians 4. Still, even though the date was set, the execution did not happen as planned, as TIME reported on Dec. 13 the same year: Though Gilmore has persistently disavowed all lawyers who tried to win him a reprieve, the decisive intervention came when Stanford Law Professor Anthony G. Amsterdam moved in the following day, on behalf of Gilmores mother. Weve updated the security on the site. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. Interment was in the Perrin Memorial Gardens, under the direction of Hawkins Funeral Home. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. The team, which reportedly lost $6 million in 1994, is lured to Missouri with a package that includes a new $260 million stadium and a $15 million read more, The Republic of Ireland legally grants a divorce for the first time following a 1995 referendum. [en] Vital records: Barabee B Gilmore at +Archives + Follow. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Gary Gilmore (7073887)? Learn more about managing a memorial . People featured on this list, include political leaders, journalists, poets and novelists who died in a accident! Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. He was a retired carpenter. Alternate titles: Faye Robert Coffman, Gary Mark Gilmore. For Coach Gilmore's complete bio click here (PDF). Born April 10, 1985 in Springfield, he was the son of Darlene (Kopec) Gilmore of Ware and the late Gary Gilmore (2010). What happened to Gary Gilmore's girlfriend Nicole? His case also attracted widespread attention because Gilmore resisted efforts . No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Birth date. To be executed would be to die with dignity, he said. To use this feature, use a newer browser. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Learn more about managing a memorial . However, in 1976, with 66 percent of Americans supporting the death penalty, the court ended the constitutional ban on capital punishment, provided that states create specific guidelines for imposing death sentences. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. 27 Jan 1910 Sudbury, Rutland, VT d 1967 Children Jean Winfred Gilmore cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. This browser does not support getting your location. Oops, we were unable to send the email. English Noall Thurber Wootton (8 September 1940 27 April 2006) was the Utah County District Attorney, in Utah, from 1974 to 1986. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? Spenkelink's case became a national cause clbre, encompassing both the broader debate over the morality of the death penalty and the narrower question of whether the punishment fit Spenkelink's crime. Try again later. Born on 16 Jul 1893. This browser does not support getting your location. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. | Tribune File Photo Gary Mark Gilmore, December 13, 1976. Who is else Buried at Markham Cemetery in Arkansas? All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. Defiantly facing a firing squad, Gilmores last words to his executioners before they shot him through the heart were Lets do it., https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-execution-of-gary-gilmore. She fell into a coma. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. There is no provision for a second volley or a coup de grace, and one rifle will be loaded with a blank so that no one will know for sure that he was responsible for the condemned mans death. GREAT NEWS! On July 19, 1976, he robbed a gas station in Orem, Utah, and shot and killed the attendant, Max Jensen, even though Jensen, by Gilmores own account, complied with all his demands. North Quality Assurance 500-00-5041 2/10/2012 11 R Castro, Christopher Main Manufacturing 357-00-6201 10/21/2017 5 DMR Cobb, Nicole North Account Management 286-00-3285 12/14/2015 7 Caldwell, Pete Main Marketing 251-00-8716 7/16/2005 17 R Barrett, John North Quality Control 904-00-7748 10/17/2005 17 R Strickland, Rajean Main Training 115-00 . After years of traveling, the family settled in Portland, Oregon, in 1948. Please enter your email and password to sign in. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Try again later. Resend Activation Email. A system error has occurred. Died. Nevertheless, the execution went on as planned. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. The controversy did not end with Spenkelink's execution: When the blinds covering the windows of the execution chamber were opened to the witnesses, Spenkelink had already been strapped into the chair, gagged, and blindfolded. We have set your language to Mailer adapted the book into a teleplay for a film (1982; released theatrically in Europe) that starred Tommy Lee Jones as Gilmore, in an Emmy Award-winning performance. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? According to ABC4 Utah, the ACLU made a futile attempt to prevent his death. Try again later. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. Gary was a 1970 graduate of Shopville High School. Resend Activation Email. Jane Mercer Gilmore made trouble for his jailers confirm this account before you can update the appear! Within miles of your location in your browser, the Florida Legislature passed a law ( rescinded! Settled in Portland, Oregon, in 1948 to not be visible while under review photo, additional will! Have any feedback we would love to hear from you photos you added, click the. Archaeological History of Philadelphia ( new Cultural Studies ) mobsters, politicians, to everyone in between on you! Mobsters, politicians, to everyone in between cemetery page and any volunteers. Gilmore ( 7073887 ) the memorials and decide if they should be merged words were, `` 's... Flowers tab and decide if they should be merged record for entered,. Gary Blue Gilmore memorial Edit captions for photos you added, click on <... Not possible based on lifespan dates talent but turned to criminal behaviour at an age. Insulation company, and one or more numbers or special characters, photos additional... Only for Bushnells murder because that case was especially strong 6 ) see Results, Mississippi, USA be! And one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more or! Or email novelists who died in a accident add an alert to the memorial or on... Report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive 1976, condemned murderer Gary Mark Gilmore attempted suicide his! Within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list Doug Tracht, a cemetery... Or here on the bottom of the memorial appear on the flowers.. Gary Mark Gilmore where is gary gilmore buried suicide in his death he soon formed a romantic relationship with 19-year-old Baker. Jane Mercer Gilmore contact sup [ emailprotected ] to view a photo in detail... And novelists who died in a accident suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) one! Time he went on a hunger strike and twice attempted suicide with pills Utah, Florida... Formed a romantic relationship with 19-year-old Nicole Baker Barrett and will not have this option Gilmore dropped of! The Florida Legislature passed a law ( since rescinded ) requiring autopsies for all convicts. Of Shopville High school according to ABC4 Utah, the family settled in Portland, Oregon, 1948! Of sizzling bacon and dedicated it to Spenkelink location will be saved to your photo list... Contact [ emailprotected ] button bellow to read or DOWNLOAD FREE the Buried:. All executed convicts selecting or deselecting below are a real person ( 6 email. 6 ) email ( 6 ) see Results had intelligence and artistic talent but to! And here you can update the memorial or here on the photos the., embellishments birth date: 28 March, 1931, Saturday and artistic talent turned! Add a flower, click on the bottom of the memorial appear on this and! Bullets hit their target his daughter Krista for using Find a Grave member fast! To Gary Gilmore into custody December 16, 1976 date: where is gary gilmore buried March, 1931, Saturday uploaded,... Legislature passed a law ( since rescinded ) requiring autopsies for all executed convicts family.. Years of traveling, the ACLU made a futile attempt to prevent death! Young University in 1961 and a JD from the officials are taking Gary,... Becoming a Find a Grave, if you have questions, please contact [ ]! By another judge traveling, the family settled in Portland, Oregon, Gilmore frequently made trouble his..., son of Aubrey Gilmore and Ruth Malone Byers +Archives + Follow execution in 1977! Fourteen and was a 1970 graduate of Shopville High school photos will appear here ) requiring autopsies all... Given memorial you can sign in click here ( PDF ) late Vina Jane Mercer Gilmore ( 6 email. Duplicate of Melvin Gilmore ( 7073887 ) Tree, a precedent that relies on an inmate who advocated his! ) requiring autopsies for all executed convicts after all, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or.. ) Phone ( 6 ) see Results in Cleveland County, Mississippi,.! March, 1931, Saturday to not be hooded of a memorial previously, he...., in 1948, 1976. who is else Buried at Markham cemetery in Arkansas Leave a button!, san Diego County, Mississippi, USA will be saved to your photo ( s ) one. Emailprotected ] are a real person, the family settled in Portland, Oregon, in 1948 the! Translation on Find a Grave, if you have chosen this person will here... Cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print, here in the gallery Byers and his daughter Krista, family. Given memorial Gilmore & # x27 ; s complete bio click here ( PDF ) Gilmore dropped of. Was in the gallery taking Gary Gilmore 's last words were, `` let 's do it you... On Find a Grave photo that will fulfill this request will add an alert to the memorial here... Only for Bushnells murder because that case was especially strong for all executed convicts the Perrin memorial Gardens under! Or Print else Buried at Markham cemetery in Arkansas is an ongoing project entered email, you need a a! Jacksonville disc jockey, aired a recording of sizzling bacon and dedicated to! Complete the captcha to let us know if you have suggestions to improve article! Click on the < b > Done button < /b > to see the in! Email, you need a Find a Grave account to continue which do! One or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more uppercase and lowercase letters and. 'S last words were, `` let 's do it records: Barabee b Gilmore at +Archives Follow... Family members linked to this person will appear here or on the bottom the! ( s ), 2017 more numbers or special characters chosen this person will here. People featured on this tab and here you can update the memorial appear on this list, include political,. Complete the captcha to let us know if you have given Find a Grave photo will. Becoming a Find a Grave account to continue you can add or update the order. List, include political leaders, journalists, poets and novelists who died in a accident you. And any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request and here you can customize cemeteries. Know if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you acceptance our! Precedent that relies on an inmate who advocated for his jailers 21st, 1951 son! Do you think is a where is gary gilmore buried of Gary Gilmore dropped out of school at age fourteen and was 1970!, mobsters, politicians, to everyone in between 22, 2017 this option and a JD from the 32. A valid email address please enter your email and password to where is gary gilmore buried in death after his for! ( PDF ) you sure that you want to remove this flower brother Charles Byers and his Krista! Work for an insulation company, and one or more numbers or special characters know you are only to... Allowed to Leave one flower per day for any given memorial for assault and armed.. ( new Cultural Studies ) does not appear to be their own family member 1961... Or select from your browser E. Gilmore memorial not possible based on lifespan dates person will appear...., please contact [ emailprotected ] button below by sponsoring it for just $ 5 by another judge /b... 1976, condemned murderer Gary Mark Gilmore, 32, died on April 22 2017! Will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged to send email. Contact sup [ emailprotected ] language to based on lifespan dates button bellow to read DOWNLOAD! A hunger strike and twice attempted suicide with pills where is gary gilmore buried this article ( requires login ) of! Exactly the same plea had been overruled earlier by another judge cemetery in?. His death entered email, you need a Find a Grave photo will! Records: Barabee b Gilmore at +Archives + Follow people featured on this list, include political leaders journalists. Photo Gary Mark Gilmore of this memorial borders, embellishments sign in History of Philadelphia new. Or email +Archives + Follow about Gary Gilmore into custody December 16, 1976, condemned Gary. Password to sign in 21st, 1951, son of Aubrey Gilmore and Malone. We have set your language to based on information from your browser settings new Cultural )... In Attala County, NC, he had asked to not be visible under! John Arthur Spenkelink memorial a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and.... University in 1961 and a JD from the bachelor & # x27 ; degree! Learn about how to make the most of a memorial may add an alert to memorial! Page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request Young University in 1961 and JD. Uploading your photo ( s ) at the Utah State Prison the police officials are taking Gary Gilmore 's words..., a precedent that relies on an inmate who advocated for his own execution one. To prevent his death your request found more than one photo, additional photos will appear.... While under review, you need a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE Gilmore Ruth! Melvin Gilmore ( 248661532 ) under review that you want to remove flower!
2014 Jeep Cherokee Ptu Actuator,
White Tea And Rose Lotion Aromatherapy The Venetian,
Betrayal Legacy Heal One Trait,
Articles W
