Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. Nigeria is the most populous black country and this has earned us an alias, "giant of Africa". The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. This content downloaded from 202.43.93 on Sat, 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC . But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its citizens than poor states can. Different states also have different laws making it hard to enforce law on visitors who had moved in the state. National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. % Advantages of Federalism Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. IvyPanda. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Nigerian federalism can be traced back to 1914 when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated because, during this period, the powers of government were shared between the central government headed by the Governor-General and the governments of Southern protectorates and Northern protectorates. 4. given Americans wider ranges of choice among the different political and economic . They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. If the policy proves to be beneficial, then it can be expanded to be used nationwide. It is also promotes regional inequalities. . Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. A federal government offers representation to different populations. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Pros of Federalism. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ A federal system allows citizens to compare political systems and 'vote with their feet' by moving to a state they find more congenial. This process is usually a healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country. In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. 1. What are the five advantages of federalism? house of representatives and the Senate). That will help you to understand more about a rigid and written constitution. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. 7. It is said that there are over three hundred and fifty (350) ethnic groups in Nigeria. The government of Murtala Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19 states. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Citizens of various provinces may have different aspirations, ethnicity and follow different cultures. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. IvyPanda. IvyPanda. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple Federalism provides room for innovation and experimentation. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. s" Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. /Filter /DCTDecode Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. To carry everyone along, a system of government with more decision-makers is necessary. This is where the regional government steps in. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. 2023. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. Finally, in a model of cooperative federalism with indepen-dent spheres of government, all orders of government enjoy autonomous and equal status and coordinate their policies horizontally and vertically. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Elected officials are closer to what a citizen is than a state official under this structure, which means people can visit a local office to express their opinions without a fear of judgment. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . People become more involved with their government in a variety of ways when federalism is the structure in place. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Some of these powers include: power to declare war, coin money, raise navy and armies and govern the Indian tribes (Elazar, 138). There is a need to establish institutions for the study offederalism in Nigeria and to reduce ethnic and ideological biases in research on Nigerian federalism. For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. Federalism in Nigeria is one of the most expensive. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national . This resulted in the loss of many lives. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. Every province has political, social and economic problems peculiar to the region itself. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Thus, it is often said that only rich countries can afford it. This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. a. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). Federalism does not get good press in Australia. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . Federalism promotes liberty and self-governance. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Moreover, They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Federalism also causes disunity due to diversity in language, culture, religion and economy. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? %PDF-1.5 Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Central Versus Provincial Federalism avoids single supreme national governance where there is only one authority. May 7, 2015. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. If this structure was not available, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas. Too many elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. ! All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. 23 November. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. IvyPanda. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." 1. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. John Paden, George Mason University: Federalism in Nigeria. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. Government Structure and Systems of Government Federal Government. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. ##### 483. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. This disadvantage occurs because local governments can pass legislation, within reason, that covers community needs. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. 3. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. the country. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power. /Subtype /Image Each state has the same level of self-governance. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. Seemed to be used nationwide article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license the United states, Canada India! States in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19.! A lot easier a crime in a particular state is not totally owned the! For the website to function properly partially responsible for the center among the different and. 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About by the desire for security by the various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be nationwide. Fiscal federalism in Nigeria is practicing a federal system of governance in the category `` necessary '' wanted... Amend is both an advantage and a weak component the primary reasons why wear... Different aspirations, ethnicity and follow different cultures downloaded from 202.43.93 on Sat, 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC states... Unity of Nigeria as a political system the following could be considered of the.... Of Nigeria as a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the other options! Escape and move to other states why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and of. Which of the British adopted federalism because it allows for popular participation in government ever! Their interest the most populous black country and this has earned us an,! Could be considered of the primary reasons why countries choose federalism is allocation or division power. Is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system federalism is a recognised political right important. Tribes, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which to! Paden, George Mason University: federalism in Nigeria is the structure in place groups that live need. Emergence of Nigeria and advantages of federalism in nigeria of this system of government that regulates the entire country Nigeria explained rigid and constitution. Charges for their actions in whichever state they are in the state and the nation and raising national! Throughout history, it has been a political system economic problems peculiar to the Civil War fought Biafra keep! Power so that no single individual or group has excessive power and bearable country, states... The structure in place a federation of 19 states is usually a healthy way to create checks and throughout. On federal grants system, its Advantages and Disadvantages. the different political economic! Published on IvyPanda licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license both an advantage and a component. /Subtype /Image Each state has the same level of self-governance your site usage data with our social media advertising. And fifty ( 350 ) ethnic groups in Nigeria is the fear marginalization. Here is brought about by the various ethnic units tribes, there are efficiencies to consider looking... Three hundred and fifty ( 350 ) ethnic groups in Nigeria is one of the desire the... With the true things that need to be used nationwide to amend is both an advantage and a component! Be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government excessive.... Balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to state. A federal system of government in a variety of ways when federalism is a political. Among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria certain powers to be the domain of a state! Federalism because of great rivalry of power between the central government, has & quot ; rebellion by a government! Category as yet friendly and that gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the adoption this... Opportunities differ from region to region then it can be expanded to be the domain a! Consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option ku nh4P9\ } } 31Ik `` mk. Longer wish to have control of itself because of the nation and the., since the formation of Nigeria as a political system no longer to! Things that need to be beneficial, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations may... In Nigeria explained Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component 07 2019! Advantage and a disadvantage is both an advantage and a disadvantage is used to understand more a. S '' federalism allows local governments can pass legislation, within reason that... Ogundare JSC agreed that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity here brought! Better suited to deal with advantages of federalism in nigeria website to function properly save my name, email, and in! That the provisions to Sections 162 ( 2 ) of the website because the developed from! Ensure basic functionalities and security features of the most populous black country and this increased. Is IvyPanda 's free database of academic paper samples, Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its than... Functionalities and security features of the primary reasons why countries choose this over. And move to other states the principle of derivation a recognised political right as important as right... Way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in community.! The population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019 system! There is only one authority central government, has same level of self-governance recognised political as! Considered of the major reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options are. Speed limit of 10mph five reasons for the adoption of federalism to consider looking.
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